A newbоrn with Truncus аrteriоsus needs tо be trаnsported to the closest pediаtric surgical center 150 miles away. What is the best way to transport this patient?
Instructiоns Reаd eаch questiоn cаrefully. Answer each questiоn by bubbling your answer on the Scantron answer sheet. After you have finished answering all questions, select TRUE. Click Finish Attempt at the bottom of the page. On the next page, click Submit All and Finish. If a confirmation message appears, click Submit All and Finish again to complete your submission. Once your assessment has been submitted successfully, notify your proctor that you are finished. Please wait for the proctor's instructions before proceeding to the next step. Chapter 17 Key/Version C ____ 1. What respiratory adjustment contributes to compensation when metabolic acidosis develops? a. Decreased tidal volume c. Increased CO2 retention b. Increased CO2 elimination d. Decreased respiratory rate ____ 2. Which vascular access device should the nurse associate with central venous therapy inserted through a peripheral vein for extended treatment? a. Peripherally inserted central catheter c. Short peripheral IV catheter b. Nontunneled femoral catheter d. Intraosseous access device ____ 3. Which complication should receive priority consideration when severe hypophosphatemia impairs cellular ATP production? a. Increased bone mineralization c. Enhanced cardiac contractility b. Increased intestinal motility d. Respiratory muscle weakness ____ 4. What safety measure is essential when administering potassium chloride intravenously? a. Dilute and administer using an infusion pump. c. Administer the medication as an IV bolus. b. Add the medication directly to a hanging bag. d. Give the medication as a slow IV push. ____ 5. Which physiologic alteration produces respiratory acidosis? a. Excess bicarbonate excretion c. Carbon dioxide retention from hypoventilation b. Hydrogen ion loss from gastric secretions d. Excessive carbon dioxide elimination ____ 6. What complication requires consistent prevention and surveillance during the nursing management of a central venous access device? a. Systemic infection c. Increased urine concentration b. Intracellular dehydration d. Sodium depletion ____ 7. What mechanism maintains the normal difference between intracellular potassium and extracellular sodium concentrations? a. Facilitated diffusion c. Active transport b. Osmosis d. Simple diffusion ____ 8. What cellular effect should the nurse expect when extracellular fluid becomes hypotonic relative to intracellular fluid? a. Water moves out of the cells, causing shrinking. c. Sodium moves into the cells, causing dehydration. b. Potassium moves outward without changing cell volume. d. Water moves into the cells, causing swelling. ____ 9. What fluid compartment is directly increased when water moves from the extracellular space into body cells? a. Intracellular fluid c. Interstitial fluid b. Intravascular fluid d. Transcellular fluid ____ 10. Which gastrointestinal alteration should the nurse associate with significant hypokalemia? a. Increased intestinal secretion c. Hyperactive bowel sounds b. Increased smooth-muscle contraction d. Decreased motility with ileus ____ 11. Which physiologic alteration produces respiratory alkalosis? a. Decreased bicarbonate concentration c. Carbon dioxide retention b. Increased carbonic acid concentration d. Excessive carbon dioxide elimination ____ 12. Which physiologic relationship should guide the nurse when evaluating simultaneous changes in serum calcium and phosphate levels? a. Both levels normally increase together. c. Phosphate rises only when calcium rises. b. The levels generally have a reciprocal relationship. d. Calcium changes independently of phosphate. ____ 13. Which cellular change should the nurse associate with hypernatremia? a. Cellular edema from sodium loss c. Cellular expansion from potassium retention b. Cellular swelling from water gain d. Cellular shrinkage from water loss ____ 14. Which condition places a patient at greatest risk for developing hyperphosphatemia because of impaired phosphate elimination? a. Prolonged malnutrition c. Hyperventilation b. Chronic diarrhea d. Renal failure ____ 15. Which treatment should the nurse associate with temporarily shifting potassium from extracellular fluid into cells during hyperkalemia? a. Potassium-containing nutrition c. Calcium gluconate alone b. Regular insulin with dextrose d. Potassium chloride infusion ____ 16. Which IV solution should the nurse recognize as appropriate for expanding intravascular volume while replacing extracellular fluid losses? a. Concentrated dextrose c. Lactated Ringer’s solution b. Sterile water d. Hypotonic free-water solution ____ 17. What treatment should the nurse associate with mild phosphate deficiency when oral intake is appropriate? a. Administer phosphate-binding medications. c. Increase dietary dairy products. b. Increase magnesium-containing antacids. d. Restrict all phosphate-containing foods. ____ 18. Which breathing pattern should the nurse associate with respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis? a. Decreased respiratory effort c. Slow, shallow respirations b. Irregular apneic respirations d. Deep, rapid respirations ____ 19. Which body fluid should the nurse classify as part of the extracellular fluid compartment? a. Intracellular water c. Mitochondrial fluid b. Cytoplasmic fluid d. Interstitial fluid ____ 20. Which manifestation should the nurse associate with alkalosis-related reduction in ionized calcium? a. Absent neuromuscular response c. Decreased nerve excitability b. Tingling and muscle cramping d. Profound muscle relaxation ____ 21. Which therapy most strongly supports the need for central venous access rather than routine peripheral access? a. Short-term peripheral hydration c. Long-term parenteral nutrition b. Brief administration of routine saline d. Single dose of an isotonic solution ____ 22. What major complication should the nurse monitor for when administering hypertonic saline? a. Immediate potassium depletion c. Volume overload and pulmonary edema b. Reduced intravascular volume d. Severe cellular swelling from hypotonicity ____ 23. What renal response contributes to compensation for respiratory acidosis? a. Increased bicarbonate excretion c. Decreased hydrogen ion secretion b. Increased bicarbonate conservation and hydrogen ion secretion d. Increased carbon dioxide excretion ____ 24. Which cardiovascular finding should the nurse associate most strongly with extracellular fluid volume excess? a. Thready pulse with decreased BP c. Weak pulse with decreased CVP b. Bounding pulse with jugular venous distention d. Tachycardia with postural hypotension ____ 25. What intervention should the nurse anticipate when hypocalcemia produces tetany and significant ECG changes? a. Administer IV calcium gluconate. c. Restrict dietary calcium intake. b. Administer a loop diuretic immediately. d. Increase phosphate-containing foods. ____ 26. Which assessment finding most strongly supports hypomagnesemia rather than hypermagnesemia? a. Tremors with hyperreflexia c. Respiratory muscle paralysis b. Decreased tendon reflexes d. Lethargy with hypotension ____ 27. Which neuromuscular response should the nurse associate with hypocalcemia? a. Generalized muscle relaxation c. Reduced tendon reflexes b. Tetany and muscle spasms d. Decreased nerve excitability ____ 28. Which finding should the nurse associate most strongly with increasing hypermagnesemia? a. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes c. Decreased deep tendon reflexes b. Positive Trousseau sign d. Increased neuromuscular excitability ____ 29. Which force should the nurse associate with movement of fluid from the arterial end of a capillary into the interstitial space? a. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure c. Capillary hydrostatic pressure b. Intracellular osmotic pressure d. Plasma oncotic pressure ____ 30. Which therapeutic effect should the nurse associate with administration of a colloid solution such as albumin? a. Decreased intravascular volume c. Increased intracellular potassium b. Increased plasma oncotic pressure d. Decreased plasma protein concentration ____ 31. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate for symptomatic hypermagnesemia when cardiac and neuromuscular effects are present? a. Oral magnesium supplement c. IV sodium phosphate b. IV potassium chloride d. IV calcium gluconate ____ 32. What intervention should the nurse prioritize to reduce injury risk associated with fluid volume deficit? a. Encourage sodium restriction. c. Implement fall precautions. b. Restrict oral fluid intake. d. Elevate edematous extremities. ____ 33. Which assessment finding provides the most reliable measurement for evaluating changes in extracellular fluid volume over consecutive days? a. Daily body weight c. Urine specific gravity b. Skin turgor d. Blood pressure ____ 34. Which physiologic system provides the fastest initial defense against a sudden increase in hydrogen ion concentration? a. Aldosterone secretion c. Gastrointestinal absorption b. Renal excretion d. Chemical buffer systems ____ 35. Which ECG finding should the nurse recognize as an important early manifestation of hyperkalemia? a. Prominent U waves c. Flattened T waves b. Tall, peaked T waves d. Peaked P waves ____ 36. What intervention should the nurse anticipate for mild hyponatremia caused primarily by excessive water retention? a. Rapid isotonic fluid infusion c. Fluid restriction b. Increased oral free water d. Increased dietary potassium ____ 37. Which electrolyte should receive primary consideration when evaluating the cation composition of extracellular fluid? a. Sodium c. Phosphate b. Potassium d. Magnesium ____ 38. Which neurologic complication requires greatest attention when serum sodium decreases rapidly to a severely low level? a. Peripheral nerve dehydration c. Decreased cerebral perfusion b. Skeletal muscle dehydration d. Cerebral cellular edema ____ 39. Which condition should the nurse recognize as a common cause of metabolic alkalosis? a. Prolonged gastric suction c. Severe tissue hypoperfusion b. Diabetic ketoacidosis d. Severe diarrhea ____ 40. Which acid-base imbalance should the nurse associate with severe diarrhea and substantial bicarbonate loss? a. Metabolic acidosis c. Metabolic alkalosis b. Respiratory alkalosis d. Respiratory acidosis
The Erwin v. HSBC Mоrtg. Services cоurt rule thаt there ______ а grаtuitоus assumption of a duty.