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Sectiоn 1: Summаrizing, Pаrаphrasing, and Quоting (SPQ) accоrding to APA 7th edition guidelines CLOs 2 and 3– 10 points Instructions: Please carefully read the article provided and complete the tasks outlined below. Please ensure all parts of the this section are completed in accordance with APA style formatting requirements. Declining Migratory Fish Spark Protection Efforts Esme Stallard March 24, 2026 BBC (*the article is adapted for exam purposes*) 1. Fish species that undertake mammoth migrations through rivers, lakes and ponds are facing a combined threat from dams, pollution and overfishing preventing them from reaching their breeding grounds. The golden mahseer and goonch catfish are some of the thirty flagship fish species which have now been prioritised for global conservation by the UN in a new report. A team of international scientists assessed more than 15,000 species of freshwater migratory fish - which make up half of all fish species - and found their numbers had dropped by an estimated 81% in the last half century."Freshwater fish support hundreds of millions of people around the world, so for humans, they're very important," said Dr. Zeb Hogan, co-author of the report and professor of biology at University of Nevada, Reno. As well as providing enough food for 200 million people globally, he said migratory freshwater fish have immense diversity which needs protection. 2. The UN first looked at the status of this group back in 2011, but only 3,000 species were assessed. Since then the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has been collecting data on how the populations of many more species are faring. This time around, the UN was able to look at the condition of more than 15,000 species. They identified 325 fish that need to be added to a global agreement for monitoring and supporting threatened migratory animals in order to recover. Of these there are 30 priority fish, some of which are found in the UK including Allis Shad, River Lamprey, Brook Lamprey and Atlantic Salmon." For example, the golden mahseer is [an] iconic fish of the Himalayas. It's called the tiger of the river, and many of the people in that region value that fish for cultural and spiritual practices that go far beyond the economic values," explained Michele Thieme, deputy lead for freshwater at World Wildlife Fund US, who also worked on the report. 3. Disruption to migration is an issue that is particularly prevalent in Europe, where fish encounter a barrier to their routes every kilometre (0.6 miles) on average. Often the barriers are small culverts or weirs that are redundant and could be removed, said Dr Janina Gray, head of science at environment charity WildFish. But she said the cumulative effect on migrating fish is enormous: "It can have a massive impact in terms of the energy reserves fish are using to get over the [barriers]. That makes them more susceptible to disease. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species is a global UN treaty signed in 1979 which commits countries to work together to protect migrating species of all kind. The UN is now proposing that the 30 fish species be added to the treaty at its annual meeting in three years' time. Q1. Article Summary: Write a concise summary of the entire article in 120-140 words. Ensure your summary adheres to APA style guidelines and the principles of summary writing taught in class. (3 marks) Q2. Paraphrasing: Rewrite the article's last paragraph in your own words, making sure to follow APA style guidelines for formatting. (5 marks) Q3. Identify a quote from the article “Declining Migratory Fish Spark Protection Efforts” that illustrates any efforts of data collection and research to investigate the problem at hand (2 marks)