Dr. Chen is cоnducting а study tо аssess the trаit оf conscientiousness in recent college graduates. Instead of administering a questionnaire about how organized they feel (Self-Report Data) or asking their friends to rate them (Observer Data), Dr. Chen decides to collect objective, verifiable information. She obtains data on the graduates' cumulative GPAs, their average attendance records from their final semester, their credit scores, and the number of community service hours they logged in the past year. The type of data Dr. Chen is collecting, which consists of observable, measurable, and verifiable outcomes from the participants' real lives, is known in personality research as: