INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following argument, and then B) state whether the statement is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, identify the line(s) that prove that it is invalid. Be sure to identify the main operator of each statement and show all of your work. K  ∨  E   /   E  ⊃  ∼ K   //   K  ≡  ∼ E You may copy the first line of a truth table for this argument from here: K ∨ E / E ⊃ ~ K // K ≡ ~ E

Instructions: Translate the following statement using the first letter of the word in ALL CAPS. You may copy the symbols for the operators from here:  ~ · ∨ ⊃ ≡   PIZZA contains all the basic food groups if and only if you get it with ANCHOVIES. (P, A)

​ ​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.Cats can see in the dark because they have a special mirror-like layer of cells behind their retina called the tapetum lucidum. When light passes through the retina, it is reflected back through it by this layer of cells, and this provides additional stimulation to the retina’s light receptors.

INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following pairs of statements, and then B) state whether the statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. Be sure to identify the main operator of each statement and show all of your work. ∼ (R  ≡  M)    and    M • ∼ RYou may copy the first line of a table for these statements (with a slash separating each statement) from here: ~ (R ≡ M) / M • ~ R

​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage in 1912 because it collided with an iceberg. Four of the ship’s 16 watertight compartments could have been flooded without the ship sinking. However the iceberg tore several gashes in the hull, flooding 5 of these compartments.

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for the following multiple choice questions.Which of the following are all arguments?

INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following statement, and then B) state whether the statement is tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent. Be sure to identify the main operator and show all of your work. ∼ (H  ⊃  A)  ∨  (A  ⊃  H) You may copy the first row of a table from here: ~ (H ⊃ A) ∨ (A ⊃ H)

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for the following multiple choice questions.An argument whose conclusion rests on a similarity between two things or situations is:

INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following statement, and then B) state whether the statement is tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent. Be sure to identify the main operator and show all of your work. (F  ∨  ∼ S)  ⊃  ∼(S  ∨  ∼F)You may copy the first row of a table from here: (F ∨ ~ S) ⊃ ~ (S ∨ ~ F)

14) (5 points) Solve the inequality