Two of the things from the Second Meditation that Descartes thinks he knows for certain are that 1) he exists, since he must exist to think (the famous cogito ergo sum), and 2) that he is has indubitable knowledge of his own mental states. 

Determine whether the series  

Consider the alternating series  

True or false:  If the argument p∴q\frac{p}{\therefore q}  is valid, then p≡qp\equiv q.Briefly justify your response.  

For your use on Questions 9 and 10: open the attachment below for the important logical equivalences and rules of inference. Important Equivalences and Rules of Inference

Managers need ______________, which comes from who managers know and how well managersrelate to them, to get things done while working with other people.

________________ is the process of configuring organizations to meet environmental challenges.

The network of unofficial relationships among an organization’s members is called the______________.

Effective communication occurs when ______________.

Information filtering and physical distractions are examples of ____________in the communication process.