You book describe the main mass extinctions which have occurred as the “Big _____” for the number of these extinctions.

What is a fairly effective (and government mandated) way to prevent BT resistant insects from evolving to counter your corn crops which are genetically engineered to produce BT (an effective and non-toxic insecticide)?

Gene duplication can open the way to new functions by allowing changes to the regulation of paralogs. Mutatuions may change the regulatory regions of a paralog, or the gene encoding the proteins or RNA molecules that bind them. Thus both duplication and protein promiscuity allow for the reprogramming of genes. A gene may start to be expressed in a new organ, for example, or in response to a new signal. It can be added into a different network of genetic interractions and foster a new adaptation. This evolutionary switch is known as ___________. It can affect a single gene or a module made up of several genes that work together in a network.

Which of the following must be considered when estimating TMRCA (time of most recent common ancestor) for a Species?( I discussed this at length in the Notes of Ch 9.)

What bones of the ancestors of whales and the earliest whales indicate when they made the transition to a fully marine/aquatic habitat?

The crystallins which ultimately gave rise to the lens of your eye are derived from what class of proteins?

Robots take over the earth and they artificially select for humans which are very tall, but summarily execute all humans of average or below average height. What form of selection would this be?

The operational sex ratio is…

In the case of the Gallfly which lays its eggs into the stems of Goldenrod Plants, what type of selection is taking place as both galls which are too large and too small are both selected against?

___________ genes control the development and differentiation of body segments, and the genes/elements which are near them in an animal genome have a distinct role in the fate of specific body segments.