Fоr yоur finаl exаminаtiоn, you should write a cohesive, well-developed essay that fully addresses the essay prompt. Please closely read the following CQ Researcher articles (published March 25, 2011 (volume 21, issue 12)) and then the prompt below. Pro/Con Articles "Women and Sports-Has Title IX Led to Unfair Treatment of Men's Sports: Pro"by Karen Owoc, Advisory Board Member for the College Sports Council "Women and Sports-Has Title IX Led to Unfair Treatment of Men's Sports: Con"by Linda Carpenter, Professor of Physical Education at Brooklyn College par. 1Title IX is a good law. The way it's regulated, however, is not only unfair but unconstitutional. The law precisely states that “no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.” par. 2But men don't enjoy equal protection under the law. Enacted as an anti-discrimination statute, Title IX has been converted to a rigid quota system that has denied men sports opportunities. par. 3To enforce the law, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) devised regulations that include a three-part test to assess Title IX compliance as it pertains to athletics. When it comes to litigation, though, part one is the only one that stands up in court. par. 4Part one requires that opportunities for male and female athletes be “substantially proportionate.” After the precedent-setting 1995 gender-discrimination case of Cohen v. Brown University, proportionality became the safe harbor for compliance. Proportionality essentially means that if a school is, for example, 56 percent female, then 56 percent of its athletes must be female (allowing for a 5 percent variance). par. 5Using a rigid quota system dictated by raw enrollment numbers has changed the way college athletics is run. It ignores individual athletic interests and assumes they're exactly equal between men and women everywhere—younger and older, on all campuses. Not all women want to participate in athletics, nor do all men. par. 6When schools have too few female athletes (i.e., the percentage of females enrolled exceed the percentage of athletes), they're presumed noncompliant. They're then forced to create the illusion of substantial proportionality by denying men the opportunity to participate. This means that many women's teams have not been helped, but rather, men have been hurt. Applying a rigid quota system to athletics without regard to individual student interests and abilities is illogical and discriminatory par. 1Title IX has not led to unfair treatment of men's sports. The numbers of male student athletes and teams are the highest in at least 22 years. par. 2In 2009 and 2010, males comprised about 43 percent of college enrollment but 57 percent of NCAA varsity student athletes. While women have made significant gains in athletic participation under Title IX, more athletes of both genders participate in sports than ever before. par. 3Team counts are another sign that Title IX hasn't treated men unfairly. In the last 22 years, 398 new men's teams were added to already well-developed, historically privileged and institutionally nurtured men's programs, such as football and basketball. Of course, the number of individual student athletes, not the number of teams on which those students play, is most significant when examining fair treatment. But team counts are important. par. 4Title IX turns 40 on June 23, 2012, yet blaming and partisanship persist. Neither is productive in the effort to increase opportunities for males or females. Blame-placing and partisanship are fellow travelers with administrators who manipulate team rosters to make gender-equity numbers look better or cut men's or women's “minor” sports while increasing budgets for prominent ones based on the erroneous notion that prominent teams make a profit rather than simply launder money. par. 5Profit-making is neither a realistic nor an appropriate goal for athletics programs. And cutting athletic opportunities for either males or females is a counterproductive idea. Administrators who manipulate rosters or cut lower-profile sports do so because their institutions have allowed inequity to persist or placed privilege ahead of compliance with federal law. par. 6The issue is not who deserves sports more, but what can be done, even with budgetary constraints, to provide those valuable opportunities and experiences to students fairly. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Topic: Using the above-noted articles, “Women and Sports-Has Title IX Led to Unfair Treatment of Men's Sports: Pro” and "Women and Sports-Has Title IX Led to Unfair Treatment of Men's Sports: Con,” as reference sources, write an essay in which you analyze each author’s use of one rhetorical tool or rhetorical appeal to achieve his or her specific purpose. To start, determine what you believe is each author’s specific purpose. Choose one of the following specific purposes for each author: to convince, to justify, to validate, to condemn, to expose, to incite, to celebrate, to defend, or to question. Then, determine which one of the following rhetorical tools or rhetorical appeals the "Pro" author relies upon most heavily in his or her article to achieve his or her specific purpose and then which one of the following rhetorical tools or rhetorical appeals the "Con" author relies upon most heavily in his or her article to achieve his or her specific purpose. You must choose both tools and/or appeals from the following list: alliteration amplification allusions analogy arrangement/organization authorities/outside sources definitions diction (and/or loaded diction) enthymeme examples facts irony paradox parallelism refutation rhetorical questions statistics testimony tone logos pathos ethos kairos Organize your ideas into a four-paragraph essay that includes the following paragraphs: (paragraph 1) an introduction paragraph; (paragraphs 2 and 3) two separate, well-developed rhetorical tools and/or rhetorical appeals body paragraphs (one focused on the "Pro" author's use of your chosen rhetorical tool or appeal to achieve his/her specific purpose and the other focused on the "Con" author's use of your other chosen rhetorical tool or appeal to achieve his/her specific purpose); and (paragraph 4) a conclusion paragraph. Your essay must include a forecasting thesis statement and effective topic and concluding sentences in each body paragraph. At least four times in your essay, you also must correctly integrate quotations, paraphrases, and/or summaries from the above-noted articles; remember to include proper in-text citations.
TOPIC: Reаd the quоte belоw аnd then write а reflective essay in respоnse to the topic that follows. “History tells us what happened, but poetry tells us how we felt about it.” In a reflective essay, you need to consider the validity of this statement by referencing the poems you have analysed in Task 3 (Independent Research), including how the poetic techniques contribute to the development of the poet’s intention. THE FOLLOWING POEM IS AN EXAMPLE AND DOES NOT NEED TO BE REFERENCED IN YOUR ESSAY. Read the poem, "This Is Just To Say" and consider the comments following the poem. This Is Just To Say BY WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox and which you were probably saving for breakfast Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold Consider that a poem can describe a moment in time, a feeling, an act, a thought, but even a small incident (like eating someone’s plums from a fridge) has a context and that context is its ‘history’.
INSTRUCTIONS 1. Yоur respоnse shоuld be in the form of а reflective essаy. 2. You need to reflect broаdly on your chosen poems in order to have a personal, substantiated opinion that can be synthesised into your essay. 3. Your essay should be 600 – 800 words in length. Do not include a word count. 4. You must provide a clear statement of your position in relation to the topic in the introduction. • Readers should have a clear idea of the direction the essay intends to take. • The essay must be well structured and flow logically and coherently from paragraph to paragraph. • The argument must be clearly signposted from introduction to conclusion. • The main body of the essay must explain your point of view in more detail. You should draw on your chosen poems to include specific examples, quotations and appropriate, correct substantiation that will enhance the overall quality of your reflection. • Generalisations and assertions presented from a purely emotive stance must be avoided. • The conclusion must focus on synthesising the different aspects of your reflection to leave the reader with a clear and concise perspective of your personal point of view. 5. Register and style • The register must be formal. • You must write your essay in a clear and cogent style. • You need to employ a sincere and honest tone. 6. You must plan your essay carefully by making use of a mind-map or linear plan.
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Essаy Questiоn; 10 pоints, mаke sure yоu аnswer it from a critical point of view. Make sure your essay covers 150-200 words. 27. Chapter 9 The Industrial Transformation in the North saw a young country rise in industry, and transportation. Why do you think that the United States in the 1830s developed a thriving industrial and commercial sector in the Northeast that fast? Explain