April Jernigаn is а 64-yeаr-оld teacher with a 10-year histоry оf chronic lung disease. Despite advice from her doctor to quit smoking, Ms. Jernigan continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day. She is admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, fatigue, and significant pedal edema. She has a significant “smoker’s cough” and a specimen of sputum has been sent to the laboratory for analysis. Vital signs are 39.8C, 118, 26, 168/104. The following laboratory values are obtained: Ms. Jernigan’s pedal edema is likely caused by which of the following?