Pаrt II · Shоrt Answer — Key Terms (3 pts eаch) Write twо оr three sentences eаch. Full credit requires the definition and explaining why it matters. Token. Define a token and explain why the number of tokens in a prompt matters to a business running a pipeline over many thousands of records. Structured output. What does it mean to ask a model for structured output, and what breaks in a pipeline when you don't? Context window. Define it and name one design decision it forces on you. Hallucination. Define it and explain why it is not fixed by using a bigger model. Embedding. Define an embedding and state what operation it makes possible that keyword search cannot do. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Describe the two steps in order and name the problem it solves. Ensemble. Define an ensemble method and explain in one sentence why combining many mediocre trees beats one good tree. Overfitting. Define it and name the single most direct piece of evidence that it happened. Train/test split. What is it, and what specifically goes wrong in a business report if you skip it? Class imbalance. Define it and explain why accuracy is the wrong headline metric when it is present.