There аre FIVE questiоns frоm which yоu аre required to аnswer only THREE; any additional answers will not be marked. All questions are weighted equally, and worth a maximum of 100% each. There are 3 answer boxes below this box. Each answer box MUST be used to answer one of the questions you select. Please also remember to tell us which question you are answering. See the example below: 'This is my answer to Question 1...' Questions are as followed: Question 1 Answer both parts of the question below: a) Discuss the roles of bacterial pathogenicity factors in bloodstream infections. (50%) b) Describe a typical diagnostic clinical pathway for bloodstream infections. (50%) Question 2 Discuss the features of a successful gastrointestinal pathogen, using a named example. Explain how it uses its pathogenicity factors to survive passage through the stomach and infect the gut epithelium in the face of host defence mechanisms. (100%) Question 3 a) Discuss urinary tract infections (UTIs), including aetiology and host defence mechanisms. Using a named example of a significant bacterial UTI pathogen, describe the relevant pathogenicity factors. (70%) b) Discuss the methods that can be employed for laboratory diagnosis of a urinary tract infection (30%) Question 4 Using specific examples, discuss how epidemiology, including classical and modern genomic approaches, can identify transmission pathways during an infectious disease outbreak and evaluate how this can inform targeted interventions against an outbreak. (100%) Question 5 Discuss the use of molecular methods in diagnostic microbiology and typing. Your answer should consider methods based on mass spectrometry and nucleic acid amplification, but not nucleic acid sequencing. (100%)