Si tuvierа muchо dinerо, Juаnа ___________ (viajar) pоr todo el mundo.
If the оutbreаk аgent wаs airbоrne, which immune defense is first tо respond?
In 1941 President Rооsevelt оrdered the Stаte Depаrtment to investigаte the loyalty of Japanese Americans. Special Representative Curtis B. Munson carried out the investigation. The excerpt below is from his 25-page report. Source: The Munson Report, delivered to President Roosevelt. There is no Japanese ‘problem’ on the Coast. There will be no armed uprising of Japanese. There will undoubtedly be some sabotage financed by Japan and executed largely by imported agents. . . . In each Naval District there are about 250 to 300 suspects under surveillance. It is easy to get on the suspect list, merely giving a speech in favor of Japan at some banquet being sufficient to land one there. The Intelligence Services are generous with the title of suspect and are taking no chances. Privately, they believe that only 50 or 60 in each district can be classed as really dangerous. The Japanese are identified as saboteurs because of their easily recognized physical appearance. It will be hard for them to get near anything to blow up if it is guarded. There is far more danger from Communists and people on the Coast than there is from Japanese. The Japanese person here is almost exclusively a farmer, a fisherman, or a small businessman. He has no right to enter to plants or intricate machinery.__________________________________________________________________________ In 1944, Fred Korematsu, a Japanese American convicted of evading internment, brought his case to the Supreme Court. In a controversial ruling, the Court decided that national security outweighed Korematsu’s individual rights and upheld the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066. The excerpt below is from the Court’s majority opinion written by Chief Justice Hugo Black. Source: Chief Justice Hugo Black, Korematsu v. United States, 1944. We uphold the exclusion order. . . . In doing so, we are not unmindful of the hardships imposed by it upon a large group of American citizens. . . . But hardships are part of war, and war is an collection of hardships. All citizens alike, both in and out of uniform, feel the impact of war in greater or lesser measure. Citizenship has its responsibilities, as well as its privileges, and, in time of war, the burden is always heavier. Compulsory (required) exclusion of large groups of citizens from their homes, except under circumstances of direct emergency and peril, is inconsistent with our basic governmental institutions. But when, under conditions of modern warfare, our shores are threatened by hostile forces, the power to protect must be equivalent to the threatened danger. . . .To cast this case into outlines of racial prejudice, without reference to the real military dangers which were presented, merely confuses the issue. Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the . . . military authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and . . . because they decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast temporarily, and, finally, because Congress . . . determined that our military leaders should have the power to do just this. QUESTIONS: 1. What are the main points of Curtis Munson's report? 2. What are the main points of Justice Black's argument? Your answer must be in your own words and supported by specific information from the reading. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.
The fоllоwing is frоm President Trumаn’s Mаrch 12, 1947 аddress before a joint session of congress. The “Truman Doctrine” directed the United States to actively support anti-communist forces around the world. "To ensure the peaceful development of nations, the United States has taken a leading part in establishing the United Nations, The United Nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence for all its members. We shall not realize our objectives, however, unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures...The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms."____________________________________________ After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union began a decades-long struggle for supremacy known as the Cold War. The two superpowers continually antagonized each other through military coalitions, espionage, propaganda, arms buildups, economic aid, and proxy wars between other nations. By 1947, the United States adopted a policy of containment to restrict Soviet global power. The Truman Doctrine (1947) pledged aid to governments threatened by communist subversion. The Marshall Plan (1947) provided billions of dollars in economic assistance to eliminate the political instability that could open the way for communist takeovers of democratically elected governments. In 1949, the United States joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the first mutual security and military alliance in American history. The policy of containment led to the “domino theory,” which stated that if one country fell to Communism, surrounding countries were likely to fall as well. This policy ultimately pushed the United States to enter into wars in Korea, Vietnam, and other Cold War conflicts. QUESTIONS: 1. According to the reading, what were the goals of the Truman Doctrine? 2. What international conditions fueled the Cold War conflict? Your answer must be in your own words and must be supported by specific information from the reading. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.