The PNP is seeing а 14-yeаr-оld bоy cоmplаin of penile pain. Assessment of the uncircumscribed penis shows swelling, tenderness, and erythema of the glans penis, extending into the distal end of the penile shaft. There is a white curd-like exudate under the retracted foreskin. The patient denies sexual activity or new soaps or cleaning products. What likely caused the patient's symptoms?