Instructiоns: Reаd the fоllоwing аrticle, "From Nomаd to Farmer". Then type a summary of the reading, 7 - 10 sentences long, in the text box below. Your summary must report the thesis, the major details, and a few key selected minor details. It must be paraphrased. You are encouraged to write a brief or detailed outline in the text box before you begin your summary. Of course, you may not access any previous work you have already done on this reading. Here are the requirements:Summarize the reading in 7 - 10 sentences Report Thesis in first sentence Each major detail clearly in separate sentencesOnly key selected minor details Paraphrase Use connectors (first, second, however, consequently, etc.) to organize the information Reporting title and author is NOT necessary Reporting verbs are NOT necessary From Nomad to Farmer _ For many African people, life has changed dramatically in recent years. This is especially true for the Tuareg people of north-central Africa. Historically, the Tuaregs led the life of nomads, people with no permanent home. They traveled across the Sahara Desert in caravans of camels, carrying goods between Arab Africa in the north and black Africa in the south. The Tuaregs did not belong to either of these groups. They were a light-skinned Berber people, with a culture and language of their own. Europeans called them the "blue men" of the desert because they dressed all in blue, even their shoes. They were well known for their great skill in finding their way across the open desert, with only the stars to guide them. They were also known for their independent spirit. In fact, they loved the nomad way of life, which allowed them to come and go as they chose. National borders had no meaning for them in the desert. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Africa was divided up and ruled by various European countries, but this did not affect the Tuaregs, who continued to move freely. In the mid-twentieth century, however, there were big changes in Africa. In many countries, black Africans began to break free of European rule and set up their own governments. As the new governments gained power, national borders became more important, and it became more difficult for the Tuaegs to travel and trade. They fought against the changes, but eventually, national borders were closed, and the Tuaregs were forced to limit their travels. At the same time, another big change had come to the area. People were beginning to use motor vehicles for travel across the desert. Cars and trucks were faster and more efficient than camels. Thus, the Tuareg caravans lost their important role in the desert. Then came the great drought of the 1970s and 1980s. With no rain, especially in 1984, large areas of grassland near the Sahara turned into desert. With no grass to eat, many animals died, including the Tuaregs' camels. Their old way of life was now definitely over. The·question was how could the Tuaregs now make a living? They noticed that the people who lived near water holes could plant vegetable gardens and suffered less from drought. Soon Tuaregs began to settle down near the old watering places in the desert. One of these was Timia, in central Niger. Until forty years ago, Timia was just a well in the middle of the desert where travelers stopped to rest. Now it has a population of about 6,000. Most of the people who lived there were nomads in the past, but now they make a living from their fruit and vegetable gardens. They grow oranges, grapefruits, pomegranates, dates, and corn, which they send by truck to Agadez, a city about ninety-five miles away. Many miss their caravan days and some dream of teaching their children the old ways, but instead, they are teaching them to be farmers. Mikulecky, Beatrice and Linda Jeffries, More Reading Power, Longman, 1996