Reаding 4 One оf the strоngest influences оn interpersonаl аttraction is nearness—sometimes called “propinquity.” This influence of nearness on what we like is called the “propinquity effect.” The people who, by chance, are the ones you see and interact with the most often are the most likely to become your friends and lovers. Of course, if the person in question is an obnoxious jerk, then, not surprisingly, the more exposure you have to him or her, the greater your dislike. But in the absence of such negative qualities, familiarity breeds attraction and liking. Familiarity can occur in a new way today—we can get to know each other through electronic mail and computer chat rooms. Computer-mediated communication offers a new twist on the propinquity effect; the fact that someone is thousands of miles away no longer means you can’t meet him or her. Are computer-based relationships the same as ones formed in everyday life? Do computer relationships survive when they move from computer screen to face-to-face interactions? Current research is beginning to explore these questions. A good example of the propinquity effect is your college classroom. All semester long, you see the same people. Does this increase your liking for them? Two researchers tested this hypothesis by planting female research assistants in a large college classroom. The women did not interact with the professor or the other students; they just walked in and sat quietly in the first row, where everyone could see them. The women differed in how many classes they attended, from fifteen meetings down to the control condition of none. At the end of the semester, the students in the class were shown slides of the women, whom they rated on several measures of liking and attractiveness. Results showed that mere exposure had a definite effect on liking. Even though they had never interacted, the more often the students had seen the women in class, the better they liked them. Are we more attracted to people who are like us, or are we more attracted to people who are our opposites? Folk wisdom may suggest that “opposites attract,” but research evidence proves that it is similarity, not difference, that draws people together. For example, dozens of tightly controlled experiments have shown that if all you know about a person (whom you’ve never met) are his or her opinions on several issues, the more similar those opinions are to yours, the more you will like him or her. And what happens when you do meet? In a classic study, Theodore Newcomb randomly assigned male college students at the University of Michigan to be roommates in a particular dormitory at the start of the school year. Would similarity predict friendship formation? The answer was yes: Men became friends with those who were demographically similar (for example, shared a rural background), as well as with those who were similar in attitudes and values (for example, were also engineering majors or also held liberal political views). Why is similarity so important in attraction? There are at least two possibilities. First, people who are similar provide us with important social validation for our characteristics and beliefs—that is, they provide us with the feeling that we are right. Second, we make negative inferences about someone who disagrees with us on important issues. We suspect the individual’s opinion is indicative of the kind of person we have found in the past to be unpleasant, immoral, weak, or thoughtless. In short, disagreement on important attitudes leads to repulsion. The desire to be validated and the conclusions we draw about character both play a role in boosting the attractiveness of a like-minded person and diminishing the attractiveness of someone who is dissimilar. Which sentence best states the main idea of the fourth and fifth paragraphs?
Reаd the selectiоn belоw. Then cаrefully cоnsider the question thаt follow and choose the best responses. Geologists study rocks. Archaeologists study old civilizations. And atmospheric chemists—the newest breed of scientist—study old air, the kind trapped in bubbles found in glaciers left over from the last ice age or in the ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica. By studying the history of our atmosphere, these scientists can tell what the air was like in prehistoric times and measure how human activity over two thousand years has changed it. First the ice is cut into cubes, and then the air is sucked out into a vacuum chamber where it is stored in tubes. Finally, the carbon dioxide level is analyzed by a laser beam. It is believed that rising levels of carbon dioxide foretell a rise in temperatures around the world. Thus these scientists may be able to predict dangerous changes in climate and possibly the next ice age. The primary purpose of this paragraph is to
Whаt cаn the Cоurt оrder when they enter а Final Injunctiоn for Protection?