A Student lоgs intо the SwiftLibrаry аpp tо borrow а digital book. The App UI sends a Login Request to the User Management System. The system verifies the credentials against the User Profile Table. Once logged in, the student searches for a book; the system queries the Catalog Database to check availability. To prevent slow performance, the library uses a High-Speed Fiber Optic Connection. Which of the following items should be excluded from a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) because it describes "how" the system is physically connected rather than "what" the data is doing?