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Multiple Chоice Chооse the best аnswer. Strаtegy is best defined аs:A) Operational effectivenessB) A set of actions to achieve competitive advantageC) Marketing planningD) Cost cutting A firm has competitive advantage when:A) It earns normal profitsB) It earns above-average returnsC) It increases salesD) It cuts costs SWOT analysis examines:A) Industry rivalry onlyB) Internal strengths & weaknesses and external opportunities & threatsC) Finance performanceD) Shareholder returns Which force is part of Porter’s Five Forces?A) InflationB) Customer loyaltyC) Threat of new entrantsD) GDP A firm pursuing cost leadership focuses on:A) Unique designB) Lowest cost positionC) Luxury imageD) Niche markets Differentiation strategy relies on:A) Price competitionB) Unique value perceived by customersC) Mass productionD) Low wages VRIO stands for:A) Value, Rarity, Imitability, OrganizationB) Vision, Risk, Industry, OpportunityC) Value, Return, Investment, OutputD) Vertical, Resource, Innovation, Organization Related diversification creates value through:A) Random expansionB) SynergiesC) Price warsD) Downsizing Vertical integration means:A) Expanding internationallyB) Acquiring suppliers or distributorsC) Merging with competitorsD) Diversifying into new industries A strategic alliance differs from an acquisition because:A) It involves ownershipB) It is temporary cooperation without full ownershipC) It eliminates competitionD) It requires government approval The M-form structure is best used when:A) The firm is smallB) The firm has multiple product divisionsC) The firm is nonprofitD) The firm has one product line Corporate culture refers to:A) Dress codeB) Formal reporting linesC) Shared values and normsD) Marketing strategy Transformational leaders:A) Maintain status quoB) Inspire major changeC) Focus only on profitsD) Avoid risk Corporate governance exists primarily to:A) Reduce taxesB) Align managers with shareholdersC) Increase advertisingD) Cut wages Strategic control focuses on:A) Daily tasksB) Long-term directionC) PayrollD) HR policies Short Answer Answer in 3–5 sentences each. Explain the difference between business-level and corporate-level strategy. Describe Porter’s Five Forces model. What makes a resource a sustainable competitive advantage? Explain related vs. unrelated diversification. Why do mergers and acquisitions often fail? Why must structure follow strategy? Case Analysis A fast-growing technology company similar to Netflix is expanding internationally. It currently uses a functional structure but struggles with local market responsiveness. Answer: What structural change would you recommend? What risks come with this new structure? Should the company pursue alliances or acquisitions for expansion? How can leadership ensure cultural alignment across countries? Essay Choose ONE: (2-3 pages APA format) A) “Corporate culture is more important than strategy.” Discuss. OR B) Explain how a company like Amazon uses both cost leadership and differentiation to achieve competitive advantage.