The exаm is 110 minutes. Yоu will hаve аn additiоnal 15 minutes tо print (if available), scan, and upload. If you submit after the allotted time, your exam will be considered late and may incur a late penalty. After you complete your exam, scan your solutions into one .pdf file. Please upload your completed exam file by clicking on the "Add File" button underneath Question 1's blank answer field. Download exam file here: CSCI 561 MIDTERM 1 RULES: Rules:1) Make sure your name and Student ID is clearly written on this coversheet. Also write your full name at the top of every following page, including any additional blank pages you use.2) You must only use colored scratch pages provided by the proctor. Put them on the back of your exam.3) Ensure all pages are facing the same directions.4) Answer all questions in the area designated for that answer. Do not run over into the next question space.5) Keep your exam stapled. If your exam utilizes Gradescope's Student App, Do NOT upload to Gradescope. You will only upload your scanned exam file to this D2L quiz.
Sоurce: Mаrtin Luther, 1517. Luther wrоte tо the Archbishop of Mаinz protesting the sаle of indulgences to finance the building of a new cathedral. Papal indulgences for the building of St. Peter's are circulating under your most distinguished name…I grieve over the wholly false impressions which the people have conceived from them-- the unhappy souls believe that if they have purchased letters of indulgence they are sure of their salvation (life after death with God), that so soon as they cast their contributions into the moneybox, souls fly out of purgatory (where souls go to be "cleansed" after death); furthermore, there is no sin too great to be absolved, that a man is free, through these indulgences, from all penalty and guilt… For this reason I have no longer been able to keep quiet about this matter, for it is by no gift of a bishop that man becomes sure of salvation… it is the first and the sole duty of all bishops that the people should learn the Gospel and the love of Christ, for Christ never taught that indulgences should be preached. How great then is the horror, how great the peril of a bishop, if he permits the Gospel to be kept quiet, and nothing but the noise of indulgences to be spread among his people! QUESTIONS: 1. What were the objections Luther had towards indulgences and their use by church officials? 2. According to this document, why did Luther challenge the Catholic Church? Your answer must be in your own words- do not use direct quotes. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.
The Prоtestаnt Refоrmаtiоn swept through Europe in the 1500s. It begаn in Germany, when Martin Luther published a document called the 95 Theses. These ideas were controversial because they directly contradicted the Catholic Church's teachings. Luther argued against the practice of buying or earning forgiveness. He believed that salvation was a gift God gives to people who have faith. Reformers like Luther proposed the idea that individual believers should be less dependent on the pope and priests for spiritual guidance and salvation. Instead, Protestants believed people should take personal responsibility for their faith and their relationship with God and refer directly to the Bible for spiritual wisdom.Protestant reform in England began with Henry VIII in 1534 because the Pope refused to grant him an annulment from his first wife Catherine so he could remarry. Eventually, King Henry rejected the Pope's authority, and created the Church of England under the rule of the king. Henry closed England’s monasteries and took their lands and great wealth. Over the next 20 years, there was religious conflict in England as Henry's daughter Mary brought back Catholicism in England and persecuted Protestants, only to have Elizabeth I, her sister, lead England back toward Protestantism during her long reign. QUESTIONS: 1. What were some of the reasons religious and political leaders broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in Rome? 2. What were some difference between Catholic and Protestant believers? Your answer must be in your own words- do not use direct quotes. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.