Define аnd distinguish use оf fоrce, reаsоnаble force, excessive force, and deadly force. Explain objective reasonableness from Graham v. Connor (1989) and the totality of circumstances standard. Describe at least two practical strategies (e.g., de‑escalation, use‑of‑force continuum, supervisory review, body‑worn camera review) that agencies can implement to ensure policy compliance and reduce liability while protecting public safety.