A Stаte N lаw required аll autоmоbile drivers tо carry liability insurance; however, because of the high number of auto accidents in the state, the cost of insurance became prohibitive. A study sponsored by the State N legislature showed that males under the age of 21 were four times more likely to get into automobile accidents than any other group, including females in the same age group. The study predicted that prohibiting males under the age of 21 from driving would result in a 15% reduction in all other persons’ automobile insurance rates. Ultimately, the legislature raised the minimum age for obtaining a driver’s license to age 21 for males. Females were still allowed to obtain licenses at age 16. An 18-year-old male living in State N when the limit was raised, and who worked as a pizza delivery driver, was fired from his job and replaced by a 17-year-old female.If the young man sues to have the law set aside and prevails, what is the most likely reason?
A stаte's cоnstitutiоn аuthоrizes а state reapportionment board to redraw state legislative districts every 12 years. During the most recent reapportionment process, consultants had provided the board with two alternative plans for reapportionment. One plan provided for districts with less than a 3% difference in proportional representation between districts. The other plan was drawn up to conform state legislative districts as nearly as possible to county borders, resulting in differences in proportional representation between districts of up to 12%. The current apportionment of legislative districts results in differences of up to 15% between districts. The board ultimately selected the reapportionment plan based on county borders, and this plan was approved by the state legislature. A Caucasian resident and registered voter of the state brought a constitutional challenge to the reapportionment in federal court. His claim is based on the fact that, as a result of the plan that the board selected, the percentage of the African-American voting population in the district in which he lives increased from 45% to 55%. Had the other plan been selected, the percentage would have been unchanged in his district. In the absence of a federal statute applicable to the state, is the resident likely to prevail?