Chооse the sentence thаt best expresses the implied mаin ideа оf the paragraph below. For many years the University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research Center has asked respondents whether they think the federal government is spending too much, too little, or about the right amount of money on “assistance for the poor.” Answering the question posed this way, about two-thirds of all respondents seem to believe that the government is spending too little. However, the same survey also asks whether the government spends too much, too little, or about the right amount for “welfare.” When the word “welfare” is substituted for “assistance for the poor,” about half of all respondents indicate that too much is being spent by the government.
Chооse the sentence thаt best expresses the implied mаin ideа оf the paragraph below. In species such as the red-back spider, the black widow spider, the praying mantis, and the scorpion, the female commonly eats the male after mating. Another widespread form of cannibalism is size-structured cannibalism, in which large individuals consume smaller ones. Octopus, bats, toads, fish, monitor lizards, salamanders, crocodiles, spiders, crustaceans, birds, mammals, and a vast number of insects have all been observed to engage in size-structured cannibalism. Yet another common form of cannibalism is infanticide. Classic examples include the chimpanzees, where groups of adult males have been observed to attack and consume their infants; and lions, where adult males commonly kill infants when they take over a new harem after replacing the previous dominant males. Also, gerbils and hamsters eat their young if they are stillborn, or if the mothers are especially stressed.
Chооse the sentence thаt best expresses the implied mаin ideа оf the paragraph below. By the late 1800s, European scientists had identified three macronutrients considered essential in large quantities because they supply energy: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. In fact, it was believed that these three macronutrients, together with certain minerals, were sufficient to sustain life in animals and humans. As a result, when an invading army cut off supplies of cow’s milk to Paris in 1870, some enterprising individuals manufactured artificial milk substitutes intended to keep infants alive. But after many children died of malnutrition, a French chemist began to suspect that small amounts of some additional substances—as yet unidentified—were also indispensable for survival. Then in 1897, a Dutch scientist noticed that chickens developed a disease called beriberi when they were fed only rice that had been “polished” by removing its outer layer, or “hull.” Believing the “germ theory” prevalent at the time, this scientist assumed that the disease was caused by a toxin that could be neutralized by the hull. A colleague came to a different conclusion: rice hull must contain a micronutrient—a substance necessary in tiny amounts for good health. Subsequently, a Polish biochemist identified those substances which—when absent— caused beriberi and other deficiency disorders. In 1911, he named these micronutrients “vitamins,” combining the words vita (the Latin word for “life”) with amine (an organic compound essential for life).