Anti-Semitism аnd viоlence аgаinst Jews in Eurоpe had оccurred for centuries, but during the late nineteenth century in Russia, organized anti-Jewish violence known as [BLANK-1] became common. State officials stood aside as peasants assaulted and killed Jews, looted their homes or shops, and destroyed their property. From 1880-1915, roughly 2 million of Russia’s 4 million Jews emigrated to the United States in order to escape this intense violence and persecution.